Definition of the phoneme classes

For the implementation of the rules, phoneme classes had to be defined. Their definition here has no immediate linguistic motivation, it was driven by the definition of the rules themselves. Only classes that were needed in at least one rule were defined.

The classes were defined as sets of phonemes (i.e. a formal language), using the command define. The information which phonemes are contained in each class can be obtained using the command print words, and is explicitly stated in the following.

The defined classes can be found in the directory: XFST/SOFTWARE/Rules/Classes/.

Here is the implementation of the individual classes, in alphabetical sequence:

• ASchwa

  2 states, 1 arc, 1 path.
  File length: 227 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[low,central])

• Apical

  2 states, 6 arcs, 6 paths.
  File length: 439 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,+cont,apical)
  (+voice,nasal,apical)
  (-voice,affr,apical)
  (-voice,+cont,apical)
  (+voice,-cont,apical)
  (-voice,-cont,apical)

• Back

  2 states, 4 arcs, 4 paths.
  File length: 339 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,-cont,velar)
  (+voice,-cont,velar)
  (-voice,+cont,velar)
  (+voice,+cont,uvular)

• BackVowel

  2 states, 8 arcs, 8 paths.
  File length: 783 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,back,+round])

• Central

  2 states, 7 arcs, 7 paths.
  File length: 719 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,central,+round])

• Consonant

  2 states, 1 arc, 1 path.
  File length: 1911 bytes

  The class Consonant was defined with the following definition:

  xfst[0]: define Consonant [ \Vowel ];

  where Vowel comprises all the vowels defined in the class named this way and the words of the class PrimStress. The words stipulated by this class cannot be listed, as this class is implemented as the negation of a given set (Vowel).

• ContMinus

  2 states, 6 arcs, 6 paths.
  File length: 443 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,-cont,labial)
  (-voice,-cont,apical)
  (-voice,-cont,velar)
  (+voice,-cont,velar)
  (+voice,-cont,apical)
  (+voice,-cont,labial)

• ContPlus

  2 states, 11 arcs, 11 paths.
  File length: 679 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,+cont,labial)
  (+voice,+cont,labial)
  (-voice,+cont,apical)
  (+voice,+cont,apical)
  (+voice,+cont,palatal)
  (-voice,+cont,palatal)
  (+voice,+cont,palato)
  (-voice,+cont,palato)
  (+voice,+cont,uvular)
  (-voice,+cont,glottal)
  (-voice,+cont,velar)

• Diphthong

  2 states, 24 arcs, 24 paths.
  File length: 6072 bytes

  This class is actually implemented through 9 different nets. They can thus be accessed like one single class.

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,-round])

• FrontPlus

  2 states, 2 arcs, 2 paths.
  File length: 267 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,+cont,palatal)
  (+voice,+cont,palatal)

• FrontVowel

  2 states, 13 arcs, 13 paths.
  File length: 1193 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,front,-round])

• Labial

  2 states, 6 arcs, 6 paths.
  File length: 439 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,+cont,labial)
  (+voice,nasal,labial)
  (-voice,affr,labial)
  (-voice,+cont,labial)
  (+voice,-cont,labial)
  (-voice,-cont,labial)

• Lateral

  2 states, 1 arc, 1 path.
  File length: 217 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,lateral,apical)

• LongVowel

  2 states, 8 arcs, 8 paths.
  File length: 811 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,front,-round])

• LowMinus

  2 states, 10 arcs, 10 paths.
  File length: 953 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,-round])

• MinusContPlusApi

  2 states, 2 arcs, 2 paths.
  File length: 277 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,-cont,apical)
  (+voice,-cont,apical)

• MinusContPlusLab

  2 states, 2 arcs, 2 paths.
  File length: 277 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,-cont,labial)
  (+voice,-cont,labial)

• MinusContPlusVel

  2 states, 2 arcs, 2 paths.
  File length: 273 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,-cont,velar)
  (+voice,-cont,velar)

• MinusVoi

  2 states, 13 arcs, 13 paths.
  File length: 763 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,-cont,labial)
  (-voice,-cont,apical)
  (-voice,-cont,velar)
  (-voice,-cont,glottal)
  (-voice,+cont,labial)
  (-voice,+cont,glottal)
  (-voice,+cont,velar)
  (-voice,+cont,palatal)
  (-voice,+cont,palato)
  (-voice,+cont,apical)
  (-voice,affr,palato)
  (-voice,affr,apical)
  (-voice,affr,labial)

• MinusVoiPlusCont

  2 states, 6 arcs, 6 paths.
  File length: 463 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,+cont,labial)
  (-voice,+cont,apical)
  (-voice,+cont,palato)
  (-voice,+cont,palatal)
  (-voice,+cont,velar)
  (-voice,+cont,glottal)

• Nasal

  2 states, 3 arcs, 3 paths.
  File length: 299 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,nasal,labial)
  (+voice,nasal,apical)
  (+voice,nasal,velar)

• Onset

  2 states, 5 arcs, 5 paths.
  File length: 231 bytes

  This class comprises the phonemes of the class StemInitial, the '.' for the syllable boundary marking, and the ' ', which is used for marking canonical variants that already exist in the Bielefeld Lexical Database, so that these can be distinguished from the ones produced by the x-vario system.

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  #
  +
  .#.
  .

• PlusLowPlusFront

  2 states, 3 arcs, 3 paths.
  File length: 421 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,central,+round])

• PlusVoi

  2 states, 35 arcs, 35 paths.
  File length: 2494 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,lateral,apical)
  (+voice,nasal,apical)
  (+voice,nasal,labial)
  (+voice,nasal,velar)
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,+cont,apical)
  (+voice,+cont,labial)
  (+voice,+cont,palatal)
  (+voice,+cont,palato)
  (+voice,+cont,uvular)
  (+voice,-cont,apical)
  (+voice,-cont,labial)
  (+voice,-cont,velar)

• PlusVoiMinusCont

  2 states, 3 arcs, 3 paths.
  File length: 321 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,-cont,labial)
  (+voice,-cont,apical)
  (+voice,-cont,velar)

• PrimStress

  2 states, 1 arc, 1 path.
  File length: 181 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  '

• Schwa

  2 states, 1 arc, 1 path.
  File length: 225 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[mid,central])

• SecStress

  2 states, 1 arc, 1 path. File length: 179 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  ''

• StemBoundary

  2 states, 4 arcs, Circular.
  File length: 192 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  #
  +

• StemInitial

  2 states, 3 arcs, 3 paths.
  File length: 229 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  #
  +
  .#.

• Stress

  2 states, 2 arcs, 2 paths.
  File length: 179 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  '
  ''

• Velar

  2 states, 5 arcs, 5 paths.
  File length: 385 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (-voice,-cont,velar)
  (+voice,-cont,velar)
  (-voice,+cont,velar)
  (+voice,+cont,uvular)
  (+voice,nasal,velar)

• Vowel

  2 states, 23 arcs, 23 paths.
  File length: 1924 bytes

  Phonemes contained in this class:

  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,high,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,front,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,front,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,back,-round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,mid,back,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[high,back,central,+round])
  (+voice,vowel,[low,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[mid,central])
  (+voice,vowel,[long,low,back,-round])

Thorsten Trippel Mon Mar 20 14:35:50 MET 2000