Phonemes, allphones, phones

• broad vs. narrow transcription
• Levels of description; examples:
  • aspirated stops
  • light/dark l
• minimal pairs: pip, pick, tick; spoke, spic; long, blow, pull
• phoneme:
  1. phonetic similarity (as detailed as necessary to preserve contrast)
  2. complementary distribution
• (allo)phone: phonetic similarity (as detailed as possible for each contrast)
• allophones as unexpected `exotir' sounds: pronunciation of allophones in isolation

Check the textbook, but also courses on the web, for definitions.