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4 Bühler's Constitutive Factors (1934)

  1. The Context: the `representational' function of language pertains to the relation between the sign and the world.
  2. The Speaker: the `expressive' function of language pertains to the relation between the speaker and the sign.
  3. The Addressee: the `appeal' function of language pertains to the relation between the addressee and the sign (Bühler compares this with `sex appeal').
  4. The Sign.

The functional structure has four constitutive factors:

where, in particular, SpeechFunctions is a set of functions:

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Dafydd Gibbon
Sat May 18 21:14:28 MET DST 1996