LaTeXactually chooses the right font and textheight itself due to the surrounding commands and the logical structure of the document. Tables 1 and 2 show the commands for different types and sizes.
Die kleinen fetten R"omer
beherrschten das ganze gro"se
Italien/. [6pt]
le
r'egime
{\small Die kleinen {\bf fetten}
R"omer beherrschten }{\large das
ganze gro"se {\it Italien\/}.}
\\
le $2^{\mbox{\scriptsize\`eme}}$
r\'egime
If you want to have a large and bold typeface you have to
put it into the right order: i.e. not/ with
\bf\large but only/ with \large\bf.
Remember: the more different font types you use in your document, the more
confusing it looks like!