Zwischenprüfung SoSe 2002, 18 July 2002, 1800h, C01-273

1. Copy these files into your Home folder, and use Praat to transcribe and annotate them: Igbo and German.
2. What are the differences and similarities between phonology and phonetics?
3. Define at least two terms from the area of phonology, and discuss how they are related or differ.
4. What is articulatory phonetics? Illustrate your answer with reference to an IPA description of three different German (or other) vowels.
5. What is acoustic phonetics? Illustrate your answwer with reference to the articulatory and acoustic phonetic properties of three different German (or other) consonants.
6. Describe the process of annotation and explain what it is for using at least two terms from this area.
7. (a) Explain what a distinctive feature is, and (b) give the features of the following words when spoken with a standard educated North German accent (make a transcription, and a feature table with either phonetic or distinctive features):
   Pappe, Mitte;
   Biss, Kuss.
8. Define "prosody" and choose two terms concerned with prosody from the list below, and discuss the differences.
9. Define "feature" and choose two terms concerned with featues from the list below, and discuss the differences.

Glossary (for reference)

1. Phonology, phonetics
2. Articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics
3. Articulation, speech organs, vocal tract, airstream mechanisms, phonation, consonant, vowel, manner of articulation
4. Place of articulation, labial, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, pharyngeal
5. Plosive, fricative, affricate, liquid, glide, diphthong, syllable
6. Phonology, phonemics: Phoneme, allophone, distribution, morphophoneme, neutralisation
7. Generative phonology: phonological rule, rule order, markedness
8. Acoustic phonetics: sine wave (sinusoid), harmonic, fundamental frequency, pitch, formant, resonance, noise, burst, waveform, oscillogram, spectrum, spectrogram
9. Annotation: transcription, segmentation, labelling, interval tier
10. Perception: eardrum, ossicle, cochlea, bandwidth, perceived loudness, threshold of intensity, intelligibility, categorial perception
11. Prosody: frequency, duration, timing, intonation, tone, accent, stress, rhythm
12. Features: distinctive feature, articulatory feature, acoustic feature, phonetic correlate, feature geometry
13. History of Phonology: Phonemics, Prague school, non-linear phonology (autosegmental phonology, metrical phonology), lexical phonology, lexical phonology
14. Phonetic symbols: phonetic transcription, phonemic transcription (select from: this, that, runner, work, talk).